PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE 2016/10/10 PacketPUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE MEETING
MONDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2016 – 6:30 P.M.
CITY HALL – UPSTAIRS CONFERENCE ROOM
AGENDA
I. ROLL CALL/CALL TO ORDER
Cathy Waldeck, Chairman
Stanford Tack
Michelle Moreno
Timothy Newman
II. APPROVAL OF THE SEPTEMBER 19, 2016 PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE MEETING
MINUTES
III. REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF THE MCCORMICK RAVINE STORMWATER
IMPROVEMENT PROJECT – MICHAEL THOMAS & CHUCK MYERS
IV. UPDATE ON LEAD SERVICE LINE LETTERS AND CITY BUILDING LEAD WATER TEST
RESULTS – DAN MARTIN
V. ON-SITE REVIEW (TRIANGLE PARK ON DEERPATH ROAD) OF GAS LIGHT OPTIONS –
DAN MARTIN
VI. OPPORTUNITY FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
VII. NEXT MEETING – DECEMBER 5, 2016 5:00 P.M. @ CITY HALL
VIII. ADJOURNMENT
PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE MEETING
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 2016 – 5:00 P.M.
DICKSON HALL – CONFERENCE ROOM
MINUTES
I. ROLL CALL/CALL TO ORDER
Chairman Cathy Waldeck called the meeting to order at 5:05 p.m. Aldermen
Michelle Moreno, Timothy Newman, and Stanford Tack were present.
Staff in attendance included Michael Thomas, Director of Public Works; Bob Kiely,
City Manager; Bob Ells, Superintendent of Engineering; Dan Martin,
Superintendent of Public Works; Cathy Czerniak, Director of Community
Development; Elizabeth Holleb, Director of Finance; Mike Strong, Assistant to the
City Manager; Jim Lockefeer, Management Intern; and Eileen Timken,
Management Analyst.
Also in attendance was Dan Strahan, City Engineer - GeWalt Hamilton.
II. APPROVAL OF THE JUNE 20, 2016 PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES
Chairman Waldeck moved to approve the June 20, 2016 Public Works
Committee meeting minutes. Alderman Newman seconded the motion, which
carried unanimously.
III. UPDATE ON LEAD SERVICE LINE VERIFICATION PROCESS
Mr. Martin explained that following the Public Works Committee approval of a
notification letter addressed to residents identified as having lead service lines,
staff mailed approximately 310 notification letters. Notification letters requested
that residents contact staff to schedule Private Lead Service Line Verification
Appointments. Approximately 35% of residents that received notification letters
responded to the request between late June and mid-September. Of the 110
completed Private Lead Service Line Verification Appointments, approximately
25% of properties did not have lead service lines. Mr. Martin continued
explaining that staff will mail a second notification letter to the remaining
residents that did not respond to the initial notification letter. The second
notification letter will explain that residents can respond within 30 days and
schedule a Private Lead Service Line Verification Appointment, or their properties
will remain in the City’s lead service lines database. It is expected that the
second notification letters will be mailed in the next week or two. An update will
be provided at the next Public Works Committee meeting.
Mr. Martin then explained that the Northwest Municipal Conference
disseminated a survey to its members at the request of the City regarding lead
service lines. Of the 45 member communities, 21 responded. Survey data
indicates that the City of Lake Forest is directly in align with the majority of the
member communities, in its efforts to identify and manage private lead service
lines.
Public Works Committee Meeting – June 20, 2016
Page 2 of 6
Mr. Martin then described the City’s proactive effort to test the water of all
consumable fixtures at City owned buildings and facilities constructed prior to
the 1990s. He explained that consumable fixtures include water fountains and
other fixtures. Water from all consumable fixtures at approximately 25 City
owned buildings and facilities was tested. Mr. Martin continued explaining that
the Environmental Protection Agency banned lead solder in the 1980s; therefore,
1990 was the threshold that staff used when determining which City buildings
and facilities were eligible for water testing. Therefore, the water from the
consumable fixtures at the Municipal Services Building was not tested.
Alderman Newman inquired about the cost for each test. Mr. Martin responded
explaining that each test costs $45. Alderman Newman then inquired about the
source of funding for the tests. Mr. Martin stated that an operating capital
account would be charged for the tests. He then explained that the water
testing results will be posted on the City’s website. Contact information for
Superintendent Martin and the Supervisor of Water & Sewer Utilities John
Gulledge would be provided for residents with questions and concerns.
Alderman Newman asked if there was legal obligation for residents to disclose
that their property has a lead service line when selling their property. Mr. Martin
confirmed that lead service lines must be included in a Seller Disclosure
Statement. City Manager Kiely confirmed that this was the case. Mr. Martin
explained that Crain’s Chicago Business recently published an article discussing
lead services line disclosures by sellers. Alderman Moreno asked if staff would be
replacing consumable fixtures at City owned buildings and facilities. Mr. Martin
responded explaining that if the tested water of a consumable fixture exceeds
the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency’s (IEPA) lead threshold, the
consumable fixture would be taken out of service until tested water met IEPA
standards.
IV. REPLACEMENT OF LEAD SERVICE LINES
Mr. Martin explained that the City’s current policy regarding leaking private
service lines begins with staff notifying property owners of identified service leaks.
Private service lines include the portion of the service line from the point of
connection at the water main to the Buffalo Box (B-Box) and the portion of the
service line from the B-Box to the water meter, or the foundation of a structure
when a meter pit is present. Currently, City Code only requires a property owner
to replace the portion of their service line where a service leak is identified;
rather than both portions of their service line. Mr. Martin continued explaining
that in several recent cases where property owners have leaking lead service
lines, property owners have only replaced the portion of their service line where
the leak is located. These property owners have chosen not to replace the
entire lead service line. He continued stating that other property owners have
voluntarily replaced their entire lead service lines. It is critical that lead service
lines are eradicated; therefore, requiring that both portions of private lead
service lines are replaced when there are service leaks could reduce the volume
of partial lead service lines.
Public Works Committee Meeting – June 20, 2016
Page 3 of 6
Alderman Newman inquired about verification of lead service lines for properties
in which property owners do not respond to notification letters regarding their
potential lead service lines. Mr. Martin explained that it is the responsibility of
residents to respond to the notification letters. Mr. Kiely stated that the City’s file
for the property will include a copy of the mailed notification letter, which
explains that it will be assumed that the property’s service line is lead if the
property owner chooses not to respond to notification letters. Mr. Thomas also
explained that staff will, at any point in the future, complete Private Lead Service
Line Verification Appointments at the request of property owners. He then asked
the Committee if there was interest in proceeding with proposing a provision to
the City’s Code (§ 51.075 REPAIRS; LEAKS) to City Council, which requires both
portions of lead service lines to be replaced with copper service lines when there
is a service leak. Mrs. Czerniak then added that the Community Development
Department has only received one permit request for lead service line
replacement, since the City notified residents that their properties may have
lead service lines this past June.
Chairman Waldeck inquired about permitting costs for residents pursuing lead
service line replacement. Mrs. Czerniak responded that permit costs can range
from $600 to $1,400. She continued explaining that a Resolution has been
drafted for the review of the Public Works Committee regarding the
replacement of lead service lines. According to the proposed Resolution,
upgrading service line sizes and meter sizes are not required, as long as the
service line size meets the State of Illinois Plumbing Code. Furthermore, the
Resolution would provide staff with the authority to waive permit fees. Alderman
Moreno responded explaining that she feels that the City does not have the right
to require residents to replace lead service lines. Moreover, the City does not
have the right to require residents to replace both portions of a lead service line,
when a service leak is identified. Chairman Waldeck stated that she agreed
with Alderman Moreno. She continued explaining that it is important that the
City waive permit fees. She also stated that it is critical for sellers to disclose that
their property has lead service lines to potential buyers. Alderman Newman
agreed with Chairman Waldeck. Mr. Kiely requested that the Public Works
Committee confirm that permit fees should be waived. Chairman Waldeck
responded that permit fees should only be waived when both portions of service
lines are replaced; the fee will be waived for a period of two years. Permit fees
for partial service line replacement should not be waived. The Public Works
Committee unanimously agreed with these statements.
V. UPDATE ON WINWOOD SANITARY SEWER PROJECT
Mr. Thomas explained that in early July, Alderman Tack and staff met with
residents of the Winwood Subdivision regarding the Sanitary Sewer Project.
Meeting invitations were sent to all 28 property owners in the Winwood
Subdivision. A range of information were provided by the property owners that
attended the meeting. Mr. Thomas also explained that it was initially understood
that most of the septic systems in the Winwood Subdivision had overflows that
were connected to the storm sewer. Following the July meeting with residents,
Public Works Committee Meeting – June 20, 2016
Page 4 of 6
follow-up letters were mailed requesting that residents meet individually with staff
of the Water & Sewer Utilities Section to determine which drainage structures
were connected to the storm sewer. Of the 28 properties in the Winwood
Subdivision, 27 were inspected for storm sewer connections. Data regarding
storm sewer connections was shared with City Engineer to refine the sanitary
sewer design being completed.
Mr. Thomas stated that property owners of the Winwood Subdivision will be
provided with the required 60-day public notice regarding the Sanitary Sewer
Project. He also explained that it has been determined that property owners will
not be required to connect to the sanitary sewer immediately following its
installation. Rather, a stub will be installed in the sanitary sewer for each
property, which will allow property owners to connect to the sanitary sewer when
they are ready, or when their septic system fails. Mr. Thomas also explained that
Winwood Drive will be resurfaced when the sanitary sewer installation is
complete. The cost of the resurfacing will be included in the Special Service
Area (SSA). Staff are currently planning a second meeting with the property
owners of the Winwood Subdivision. Mr. Thomas stated that GeWalt Hamilton
has calculated that the Sanitary Sewer Project totals an estimated $1.5 million.
This estimate is not final and does require further review, though. It is expected
that the annual cost per resident for the Winwood Subdivision property owners
will be similiar to the annual cost per resident for the Regency Subdivision
property owners.
The City Engineer explained that storm sewer connection data collected was
balanced with the locations of mature trees to refine the design of the sanitary
sewer. He noted that it will be necessary to acquire an easement from a
property located on Jensen Drive, which is south of Winwood Drive. Mr. Kiely
asked for additional details regarding the location of the easement. City
Engineer Strahan explained that the easement is located on the north side of
Jensen Drive. Mr. Kiely then asked for a cost estimate of the resurfacing of
Winwood Drive. City Engineer Strahan stated that the cost will be approximately
$140,000. Mr. Kiely suggested that residents be provided with the option of
including the street resurfacing in the SSA. Mr. Thomas stated that the annual
cost for each resident for the street resurfacing will be nominal (approximately
$250/year).
City Engineer Strahan noted that there is a private extension of Winwood Drive
and the existing condition of the street extension is weak; therefore, it may not
be possible to patch sections of the street that become significantly impaired.
Mr. Thomas added that the extension was not constructed as durably as other
residential streets. Mike Strong explained that 6 properties connect to the
extension. Alderman Moreno stated that patching can be functional but not
ascetically appealing. Mr. Ells explained that the already compromised
condition of the extension will make the street more prone to accelerated
deterioration, when the Sanitary Sewer Project is completed. Mr. Thomas
explained that when GeWalt Hamilton completes the design, staff will
coordinate a meeting with residents. When this Sanitary Sewer Project is
Public Works Committee Meeting – June 20, 2016
Page 5 of 6
completed, all of the subdivisions in Lake Forest will have access to a sanitary
sewer. He also stated that the Sanitary Sewer Project will go out to bid in January
or February, 2017.
VI. REVIEW COST ESTIMATE FOR FY ’18 FOURTH WARD STORM SEWER PROJECT
Superintendent Ells explained that the pre-final design and cost estimate for the
Fourth Ward Storm Sewer Project, also termed the West Fork Drive Hackberry
Lane Improvement Project, were just received by the City. Two cost estimates
were provided. The cost estimate of $1.7 million includes the West Fork Drive
Hackberry Lane Improvement Project, with enhancements to Ranch Road. The
cost estimate of $1.5 million just includes the West Fork Drive Hackberry Lane
Improvement Project, and excludes enhancements to Ranch Road.
Superintendent Ells continued to explain that available funding for this project
currently totals $1.4 million; therefore, there is a $100,000 - $300,000 funding
deficit.
Director Thomas stated that it is expected that this project will go out to bid in
January or February, 2017. Bids received will be presented to the Public Works
Committee in the spring. Superintendent Ells added that there is 12% estimated
for contingency fee. Alderman Tack asked for additional clarification regarding
addressing the funding deficit. City Manager Kiely staed that City Council will be
discussing this project and other projects competing for limited funding in
November. He also stated that while this project will mitigate flooding, it will not
completely eliminate it. City Manager Kiely explained that initial projections
estimated that there would be $3.7 million for capital projects; however, staff
were required to reduce estimates to $3.4 million. He continued explaining that
there may be other ways to reduce costs for the project; however, cost
reductions will not be significant.
Alderman Moreno stated if enhancements to Ranch Road are not included in
the Fourth Ward Storm Sewer Project, the residents of Ranch Road will be
disappointed. She also stated that $200,000 is a significant amount of money for
a very limited number of households that will only experience some relief from
flooding. She also stated that it may be more efficient to complete
enhancements to Ranch Road while the Fourth Ward Storm Sewer Project is
being completed. Chairman Waldeck agreed with these statements. Director
Thomas stated that when the Fourth Ward Storm Sewer Project goes out to bid,
the total project cost may change. Alderman Tack stated that funds for
enhancements to Ranch Road may not be available. He also stated that the
proposed enhancements would provide a marginal benefit to residents, at best.
City Manager Kiely stated that the City will meet with residents before going out
to bid. He also stated that the City will not be able to determine if Ranch Road
will be included until bids have been received. Chairman Waldeck asked if
flooding would be mitigated on Ranch Road without the proposed
enhancements. Director Thomas stated that the improvements made to the
surrounding areas would result in some flooding mitigation for Ranch Road.
Public Works Committee Meeting – June 20, 2016
Page 6 of 6
VII. OTHER ITEMS
Speed Limit Reduction Near West Campus
Alderman Moreno explained that she recently received an email from a resident
regarding reducing the speed limit near West Campus on Waukegan Road.
Superintendent Ells explained that Waukegan Road is under the jurisdiction of the
State of Illinois. City Manager Kiely explained that the City would need to
petition the State of Illinois for a speed limit reduction on Waukegan Road.
Superintendent Ells explained that the City has applied for grants to finance
enhancements that could significantly improve safety at the intersection of
Waukegan Road and Westleigh Road. The cost of these enhancements is
estimated to total approximately $2 million. Director Czerniak explained that
there are also concerns regarding speeding on Waukegan Road near
Northwestern Medicine Lake Forest Hospital.
Resident Concerns Regarding Coyotes
Chairman Waldeck asked if public education is available to residents regarding
coyotes. City Manager Kiely responded explaining that Rob Carmichael,
Curator of the Wildlife Discovery Center, has responded directly to residents with
concerns about coyotes. Public education regarding coyotes is critical. He also
stated that it is important to recognize the coyotes are migratory. Staff will post
information on the City’s website regarding coyotes.
VIII. OPPORTUNITY FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
IX. NEXT MEETING – PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE MEETING – MONDAY, OCTOBER 10,
2016 – 6:30 P.M. AT CITY HALL
X. ADJOURNMENT
Chairman Waldeck moved to adjourn the meeting of the Public Works
Committee at 6:00 p.m. Alderman Moreno seconded the motion, which carried
unanimously.
Respectfully submitted,
Eileen Timken
Management Analyst
Award of Bid for the McCormick Ravine Stormwater Improvement Project
STAFF CONTACT: Michael Thomas, Director of Public Works (810-3540)
PURPOSE AND ACTION REQUESTED: Award of bid for the restoration of a section of the
McCormick Ravine. The work involves the installation of a rock check dam,
excavation, regrading, erosion control measures, and ancillary drainage
improvements.
PROJECT REVIEW/RECOMMENDATIONS:
Reviewed Date Comments
Public Works Committee 10/10/’16
BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION: The ravines of southern Lake Michigan play a critical role
in protecting the water quality of the lake, preventing sediment runoff, protecting
beaches, and provide countless benefits to wildlife. Over the past decade, the overall
importance these ravines play in protecting Lake Michigan water quality has become
well understood. When restored and healthy, ravines are an integral part of the
community’s character and differentiate Lake Forest from other northern Illinois
communities.
Starting in late 2015, The City of Lake Forest and Lake Forest Open Lands Association
(LFOLA) jointly engaged in a $3.6 million restoration of the McCormick Ravine through
the federal Great Lakes Fishery and Ecosystem Restoration (GLFER hereafter) Program.
The project is currently underway and is being overseen by the United States Army
Corps of Engineers, Chicago District. The majority of the heavy construction and
earthwork is now completed. The final step will include planting native species and
controlling undesirable vegetative growth. To accommodate for this plant growth, the
contract terms are for five years with an estimated completion in 2020.
In addition to the GLFER Project, a second project is underway at McCormick Ravine
involving the removal and restoration of an old Army landfill located on both the U.S.
Army Reserve site and City property. This project is being overseen by the United States
Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District. To date, all of the contaminated material
has been removed and land restoration is now underway. The ravine will be restored
to its natural condition providing stable slopes to the ravine bottom. Restoration efforts
will be consistent with the GLFER project area.
McCormick Ravine also plays a large role in conveying stormwater from both the
Whispering Oaks and Villa Turicum subdivisions. If not managed properly, stormwater
discharges can have devastating impacts on the ravine system. The proposed City
project will supplement the two other projects currently underway and address some of
the issues associated with the impact of stormwater on McCormick Ravine. The work for
this project is directly adjacent to the landfill removal project and also falls within the
GLFER Project area. Because this project addresses stormwater management, this work
did not fall within the scope of either of the Army Corp’s projects.
The proposed project involves the installation of a water inlet control structure, rock
check dams, excavation and grading of eroded areas, and seeding of the finished
slopes. These repairs will assist in dispersing the energy associated with high volume
water flows after large storm events, stabilize steep slopes, and reduce future erosion.
The project is also designed to be consistent with the GLFER project specifications.
Attached on pages __ of this agenda are pictures showing the existing ravine and
areas in the ravine that were restored this summer.
As a side note, City staff will request funding to repair the portion of McCormick Ravine
immediately adjacent to Sheridan Road next fiscal year. That repair is estimated to
cost approximately $150,000.
BUDGET/FISCAL IMPACT: The project’s bid opening occurred on October 6, 2016. The
following five bids were received:
Bidder Bid Amount
John Keno & Co., Inc. $74,713
Copenhaver Construction, Inc. $80,300
V3 Construction Group $109,451
Kovilic Construction Co., Inc. $114,000
DiMeo $146,725
The low bidder for the project, John Keno & Co., has considerable experience with
ravine repairs and improvements and has completed many similar projects within Lake
Forest. In addition, John Keno & Co. is already on site performing work for the U.S.
Army Corps. landfill project. If approved by City Council, the project is expected to
begin in late October and be completed within one month, weather depending.
Below is an estimated summary of the project budget:
FY ’17 Funding
Source Amount Budgeted Amount Requested Budgeted?
Y/N
Capital Fund $75,000 $74,713 Y
COUNCIL ACTION: Award of bid for the McCormick Ravine Stormwater Improvement
Project to John Keno & Co., in the amount of $74,713.
Existing Improved
McCormick Ravine
Existing Improved
McCormick Ravine
PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE
OCTOBER 10, 2016
Gas Light History, Maintenance,
and Globe Replacement Cost
Gas Light Background
427 street lights are powered by natural gas
152 Gas Lights are within City historic districts
Contribute to historic character of Lake Forest
Lights burn continuously, day and night, 24 hours a day, 365 days a
year
Illumination equivalent to that of a 25 – 30-watt incandescent light
bulb
Do not contribute to pedestrian or vehicular safety
Light diminishes when the globe becomes dirty (globes are very
yellow), mantel is out of adjustment, or when there are heavy winds
Maintenance of the City’s gas lights is listed as an “elective service”
Materials are purchased solely (besides the paint) from American
Gas Lamp Works located in Pennsylvania
Very few part vendors available
Gas Light History
2003
June – gas lights were experimentally turned off in two areas
July – gas lights were turned back on
25 of 27 resident responses to experiment favored funding the gas lights
September – gas light alternatives discussed at Finance Committee
2004
April – all 438 gas lights were shut off; alternatives presented:
“Adopt a Light” program
$3,200 per light initial cost (connect gas line to home)
$234.66 per light annual cost (resident assumes cost of fuel and maintenance)
Varied “Adopt a Light” program
City retains control but bills resident for annual costs
$234.66 per light per year.
“Adopt a Light and Convert It” program
$3,296 per light initial cost(conversion cost)
$47.32 per light annual cost(energy and maintenance cost)
December – City Council turned the gas lights back on for short term, subject to the
evaluation of using a third party for the maintenance vs. staff; received funding from
Preservation Foundation “Gaslight Gala”
Gas Light History
2005
January – Ad Hoc Street Lighting Committee formed
Continue to operate and maintain 145 gas lights on Green Bay Road
Hire electrical engineer to study feasibility of converting 260 gas lights to LED (approximate cost
$587,200)
Demonstration in Triangle Park (residents favored gas lights)
March – Finance Committee added $110,000 in the FY2006 budget for gas lights and $50,000 for
engineering costs for the conversion of gas lights
July – RFQ for Gas Light Electrification Plan Professional Services Contract
August – Award of Phase I Engineering Contract for Gas Light Electrification Project
Gewalt Hamilton awarded contract
2006
March – Phase II engineering for converting gas to electric approved at Finance Committee
White Oaks Subdivision for pilot program (street names)
April – Phase II engineering awarded to Gewalt Hamilton
September – Council rejected all bids and agreed to let staff continue to assess LED technology
Staff to establish lighting standards and monitor operating costs/payback period
2008
February – Lighting standards presented to Public Works Committee
Staff recommended not to convert existing gas lights (gas light maintenance would remain at a minimal
level): PW Committee concurred)
Gas Light Locations
Current Maintenance Practices
Relighting the gas lights is weather dependent, all 426 can be relit in
approximately 3 days
Replace burned out mantels and clean the burner, dependent on the
light, some are exchanged 2-3 times per year, 350 total occurrences a
year
Install a new copper line, 10-12 per year, takes two workers
approximately 3 hours each
Painting of the poles, Green Bay Road is on a 5 year cycle,
approximately 100 poles are painted a year, takes approximately 60
minutes per pole
Replace the regulators, 15-20 per year
Replace broken glass chimneys, 100 per year
New globe, 3-5 times per year
Replacement of metal yokes, often occurs because of damage from
snow plowing, weather dependent, 15 times per year
Replacement of total gas light (usually occurs in historic districts),
differs year to year
City staff does not currently clean globes. The current globes have
become tinted very yellow and at this point, cleaning would be
ineffective. A few years ago a street’s employee did clean globes 3-4
times a year approximately taking approximately 20 minutes per
globe
Average Annual Material Cost
Material Cost
Mantels 96 ordered , 4 times a year, $12.00 each
$4,680
Copper Lines $70.00 per line, 10-12 installations a year
$840
Regulators $36.75. per regulator, 15-20 regulators replaced
$735
Paint 6 gallons of paint per year, paint costs $45.00 per gallon
$270
Globes (plastic)
3-5 globes in a year, a new globe costs $100.00
$500
Glass Chimneys 100 glass chimneys replaced a year, $5.25 per glass chimney
$525
Metal Yokes 15 metal yokes replaced per year, $85.00
$1,275
Total Replacement of Gas Light $1800 per light, twice a year
$3,600
Plastic Globe Polish $20.00 per bottle, 4 bottles per year
$80
Total Average Annual Material Cost $12,505.00
Average Annual Labor Cost
Type of Maintenance Total Labor Time Spent
Relighting 16-24 hours per occurrence, 16 occurrences in a year
384 hours
Replacing the mantels/cleaning the burners 20 minutes per light, 350 replacements a year
116.66 hours
Copper line installations Two employees 3 hours, 10 -12 occurrences a year
72 hours
Painting Two employees 15 minutes, 100 poles painted per year
50 hours
Replacing glass chimneys 10 minutes, 100 replacements a year
16.66 hours
Replacing metal yokes 1 hour at, 15 times a year
15 hours
Replacing a globe 10 minutes, 5 times per year
.83 hours
Complete/Total replacement two employees, 4 hours
8 hours
Polishing (no polishing done in FY 16)
15 min per globe, 431 globes, each globe polished 3 times per year
323.25 hours
Total Average Annual Labor Cost 663.15 Hours = $24,536.55
Average Annual Natural Gas Cost
Natural Gas Cost
$62,300
Average Total Operating Cost
Type Cost
Materials
$12,505
Labor $24,536
Natural Gas $62,300
Total: $99,717
Globe Replacement Options
Option Materials Labor Total
New Plastic Globes $55,562 $27,163.55 $82,725.55
New Glass Globe Plan $67,552 $27,163.55 $94,715.55
Four-Year New Plastic Globe Plan $23,581 $25,196.38 $48,777.38
Historic District New Plastic Globe
Plan $28,081 $25,473.88 $53,554.88
Questions